L1 — Top of Book

Millisecond-resolution best bid/ask analytics.

Top-of-book quote data distilled into interval aggregates: spread, depth, imbalance, mid-price dynamics, and update frequencies — enabling high-resolution microstructure research without raw tick storage.

Browse catalog API documentation

Shown: the median perpetual’s dollar depth at the top of the book, as a share of its 20:00–20:45 average, per venue, 18:00–01:00 UTC on 10 Oct 2025; minutes under half of normal take the strong tone, and the lowest of all, OKX’s 26.1% at 22:33, is orange · built with l1_liquidity 1m

L1 — Top of Book Datasets

L1 Price

Pro

Best bid and ask prices with quantities, midprice, quantity-weighted midprice, time/volume-weighted averages, and quote update frequency.

Mid Price
Weighted Mid Price
Bid Price TWAP
Ask Price VWAP

L1 Imbalance

Prime

Bid/ask imbalance, ratio, percentages — both instantaneous (last) and averaged over the interval.

Imbalance
Imbalance Ratio
Bid/Ask Ratio
Avg Imbalance

L1 Liquidity

Prime

Spread (absolute and bps), depth, dollar depth — instantaneous and interval-averaged.

Spread (bps)
Total Depth
Total Dollar Depth
Avg Spread (bps)

Highlighted Metrics

midprice

Mid Price

Mid Price is the center of the best bid and best ask, making it the cleanest instantaneous fair-value proxy at the top of book.

Because it strips out half-spread noise, it is widely used for microstructure research, marking, and short-horizon return calculations.

weighted_midprice

Weighted Mid Price

Weighted Mid Price tilts the simple midpoint by the relative size resting at the best bid and ask.

That gives it a predictive flavor because it incorporates which side of the top of book is showing more immediate depth.

quote_update_frequency

Quote Update Frequency

Quote Update Frequency measures how actively the top of book was refreshing during the interval.

A high reading often means the market was competitive, reactive, or unstable enough to force frequent repricing.

avg_update_interval

Avg Update Interval

Average Update Interval is the time counterpart to quote frequency, showing how quickly the best quotes changed on average.

Shorter intervals imply a faster and more responsive book, while longer intervals suggest a calmer or less actively managed top of book.

bid_price_vwap

Bid Price VWAP

Bid Price VWAP summarizes where the best bid spent its time with volume-sensitive weighting.

It offers a richer picture than a single snapshot because it reflects how quoted buying interest evolved across the bar.

imbalance

Imbalance

Imbalance measures the raw difference between bid-side and ask-side top-of-book size.

It is one of the fastest ways to see which side is presenting more immediate resting interest at the best quotes.

imbalance_ratio

Imbalance Ratio

Imbalance Ratio scales the raw difference into a relative measure that is easier to compare across symbols and market states.

Because it normalizes for total top-of-book size, it often gives a cleaner signal than the raw imbalance alone.

bid_ask_ratio

Bid/Ask Ratio

Bid/Ask Ratio directly compares the best-bid size with the best-ask size.

It is intuitive, portable, and useful when you want to know whether displayed buying depth materially outweighed displayed selling depth.

bid_percentage_avg

Avg Bid %

Average Bid % shows the mean share of top-level liquidity that sat on the bid across the interval.

This smooths through flicker and highlights the prevailing balance of displayed interest instead of a single instant.

ask_percentage_avg

Avg Ask %

Average Ask % is the complementary view, capturing how much of top-level liquidity tended to sit on the ask side.

Monitoring the bid and ask averages together helps reveal whether one side dominated persistently or whether the book spent the interval near equilibrium.

spread_bps

Spread (bps)

Spread in basis points measures the instantaneous cost of crossing from the best bid to the best ask on a normalized scale.

It is one of the most direct and actionable summaries of top-of-book trading conditions.

spread_depth_ratio

Spread/Depth Ratio

Spread/Depth Ratio combines price width and displayed size into a single liquidity efficiency measure.

A market with tight spreads but little size can still be fragile, and this ratio helps expose that weakness.

total_dollar_depth

Total Dollar Depth

Total Dollar Depth aggregates the top-level bid and ask liquidity in value terms.

This gives a more practical view of executable size than raw units, especially across instruments with different prices.

dollar_depth_bid_avg

Avg Bid Dollar Depth

Average Bid Dollar Depth tracks the mean value resting on the bid at the top of book throughout the interval.

It helps answer whether supportive displayed buying liquidity was consistently present or only flashed briefly.

dollar_depth_ask_avg

Avg Ask Dollar Depth

Average Ask Dollar Depth provides the matching view for displayed sell-side liquidity at the best offer.

Comparing it with the bid average helps reveal whether one side of the book was structurally thinner or thicker during the bar.

Market Microstructure Context

Spread and top-of-book liquidity

The spread is the price of immediacy — what the market maker charges to bear adverse selection risk right now. Huang & Stoll (1997) decomposed it into adverse selection, inventory, and order processing costs, which is why a widening spread is diagnostic, not just expensive. But the average hides the regime change: a bar with mean spread of 2 bps that was 0.5 bps for 55 seconds and 8 bps for 5 seconds tells a fundamentally different story than a steady 2 bps. Bollerslev & Melvin (1994) showed spread volatility itself predicts future return volatility — the instability of the spread matters as much as its level.

Quoted spread — The gap between best ask and best bid. The sticker price of trading — what you see, not necessarily what you get once real size hits the book.
Spread in basis points — Price-normalized spread for cross-asset comparison. A 1-cent spread means something very different on a $10 asset versus a $50,000 one.
Top-of-book depth — How much size sits at the best prices. A 1 bps spread on 50k of depth is a different market than 1 bps on 500k. This tells you the cost of the first fill — not whether the market survives the second.
Spread/depth ratio — The honesty check on tight spreads. Low ratio means genuinely cheap liquidity. High ratio means the narrow quote is decorative — it will not survive contact with real flow.

Intro to Aperiodic L1 Price Metrics

Interactive notebook

Use Cases

Spread-based execution cost modelling

Use average and instantaneous spread metrics to quantify market-making costs and estimate fill quality across instruments.

Informed trader detection via imbalance

Detect directional pressure from bid/ask imbalance and imbalance ratio dynamics before price moves occur.

Quote update frequency analysis

Identify quote stuffing patterns and measure market-maker activity intensity using update frequency metrics.

VWAP/TWAP quote benchmarking

Compare execution fills against bid/ask VWAP and TWAP to measure adverse selection in your order flow.

High-frequency strategy feature engineering

Use weighted mid-price, imbalance averages, and depth to build predictive features for HFT and MM strategies.

Get started in minutes

curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aperiodic-io/cli/main/install.sh | bash

github ↗

terminal

# Install the Aperiodic CLI into ~/.local/bin
mkdir -p "$HOME/.local/bin"
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aperiodic-io/cli/main/install.sh | INSTALL_DIR="$HOME/.local/bin" bash
export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"

# Fetch the preview slice as Parquet into ./data — no API key needed
aperiodic flow --preview \
  --exchange binance-futures \
  --symbol perpetual-BTC-USDT:USDT \
  --interval 5m \
  --timestamp exchange \
  --start-date 2025-05-01 \
  --end-date 2025-05-31 \
  --output-dir ./data && echo "Saved to $PWD/data"

Preview · binance-futures · perpetual-BTC-USDT:USDT · 1h · 2024-01-01 → 2024-01-31

df.head() · 5 × 37

#	time	taker_buy_volume	taker_sell_volume	taker_buy_count	taker_sell_count	volume_delta	volume_delta_notional	flow_entropy	flow_toxicity_score	taker_buy_sell_ratio	taker_buy_sell_count_ratio	taker_buy_sell_percentage	taker_buy_sell_count_percentage	taker_buy_small_order_volume	taker_buy_small_order_count	taker_buy_medium_order_volume	taker_buy_medium_order_count	taker_buy_large_order_volume	taker_buy_large_order_count	taker_sell_small_order_volume	taker_sell_small_order_count	taker_sell_medium_order_volume	taker_sell_medium_order_count	taker_sell_large_order_volume	taker_sell_large_order_count	taker_buy_small_order_percentage	taker_buy_medium_order_percentage	taker_buy_large_order_percentage	taker_sell_small_order_percentage	taker_sell_medium_order_percentage	taker_sell_large_order_percentage	taker_buy_small_order_count_percentage	taker_buy_medium_order_count_percentage	taker_buy_large_order_count_percentage	taker_sell_small_order_count_percentage	taker_sell_medium_order_count_percentage	taker_sell_large_order_count_percentage
1	2024-01-01 00:00:00	4687.97607421875	3771.5009765625	46500	41778	916.4749755859375	38871268	0.6872671842575073		1.2430001497268677	1.1130260229110718	0.5541685819625854	0.526745080947876	138008.609375	2684	9790435	26418	189105360	17398	117024.328125	1897	8532792	24171	151512720	15710	29.438846588134766	2088.4140625	40338.37890625	31.028581619262695	2262.439208984375	40173.0546875	0.057720430195331573	0.5681290030479431	0.3741505444049835	0.04540667310357094	0.578558087348938	0.37603524327278137
2	2024-01-01 01:00:00	4783.837890625	4259.5732421875	49386	40965	524.2650146484375	22391096	0.6914658546447754	-0.5	1.1230791807174683	1.2055656909942627	0.5289859771728516	0.5466015934944153	140995.4375	2838	10853161	28316	193186432	18232	77478.265625	1240	9094397	23605	172617616	16120	29.473289489746094	2268.714111328125	40383.1484375	18.189208984375	2135.048828125	40524.625	0.057465679943561554	0.5733608603477478	0.36917343735694885	0.030269742012023926	0.576223611831665	0.39350664615631104
3	2024-01-01 02:00:00	2141.259033203125	2511.80810546875	24485	28065	-370.54901123046875	-15779090	0.6899729371070862	0.9461790323257446	0.8524771332740784	0.8724389672279358	0.460182249546051	0.46593719720840454	81757.6171875	1594	5058392.5	13066	86080624	9825	42772.078125	685	6032806.5	16578	100924288	10802	38.182029724121094	2362.344970703125	40200.9375	17.02840232849121	2401.7783203125	40179.9375	0.06510107964277267	0.5336328148841858	0.40126606822013855	0.024407625198364258	0.5907001495361328	0.38489222526550293
4	2024-01-01 03:00:00	3501.132080078125	4618.748046875	36157	48188	-1117.615966796875	-47477344	0.683644711971283	-0.17025771737098694	0.7580261826515198	0.7503320574760437	0.43118026852607727	0.42867982387542725	109771.1796875	2160	7630267.5	20143	140732512	13854	78518.9765625	1253	10414373	29296	185457008	17639	31.353052139282227	2179.37158203125	40196.2890625	17.00005531311035	2254.80419921875	40153.08984375	0.05973947048187256	0.5570982098579407	0.38316231966018677	0.026002325117588043	0.6079521775245667	0.3660454750061035
5	2024-01-01 04:00:00	3155.431884765625	3201.10400390625	36640	31386	-45.672000885009766	-1877300.75	0.6931213736534119	0.026555629447102547	0.98573237657547	1.167399525642395	0.4964074492454529	0.5386176109313965	150556.921875	3042	7435109	20135	126048920	13463	59707.23828125	946	6590907	18784	128861272	11656	47.71356964111328	2356.288818359375	39946.64453125	18.652076721191406	2058.947998046875	40255.2578125	0.08302401751279831	0.5495360493659973	0.36743995547294617	0.030140826478600502	0.5984833836555481	0.37137576937675476

Ready to start building?

Get access to our full catalog of market microstructure data.

Get started free

Shown: minute lows of the 465 Binance perpetuals, 20:40–22:00 UTC on 10 Oct 2025, with BTC’s path traced · built with ohlcv 1m

L1 — Top of Book

Millisecond-resolution best bid/ask analytics.

Browse catalog API documentation

L1 — Top of Book Datasets

L1 Price

Pro

Best bid and ask prices with quantities, midprice, quantity-weighted midprice, time/volume-weighted averages, and quote update frequency.

Mid Price
Weighted Mid Price
Bid Price TWAP
Ask Price VWAP

L1 Imbalance

Prime

Bid/ask imbalance, ratio, percentages — both instantaneous (last) and averaged over the interval.

Imbalance
Imbalance Ratio
Bid/Ask Ratio
Avg Imbalance

L1 Liquidity

Prime

Spread (absolute and bps), depth, dollar depth — instantaneous and interval-averaged.

Spread (bps)
Total Depth
Total Dollar Depth
Avg Spread (bps)

Highlighted Metrics

midprice

Mid Price

Mid Price is the center of the best bid and best ask, making it the cleanest instantaneous fair-value proxy at the top of book.

Because it strips out half-spread noise, it is widely used for microstructure research, marking, and short-horizon return calculations.

weighted_midprice

Weighted Mid Price

Weighted Mid Price tilts the simple midpoint by the relative size resting at the best bid and ask.

That gives it a predictive flavor because it incorporates which side of the top of book is showing more immediate depth.

quote_update_frequency

Quote Update Frequency

Quote Update Frequency measures how actively the top of book was refreshing during the interval.

A high reading often means the market was competitive, reactive, or unstable enough to force frequent repricing.

avg_update_interval

Avg Update Interval

Average Update Interval is the time counterpart to quote frequency, showing how quickly the best quotes changed on average.

Shorter intervals imply a faster and more responsive book, while longer intervals suggest a calmer or less actively managed top of book.

bid_price_vwap

Bid Price VWAP

Bid Price VWAP summarizes where the best bid spent its time with volume-sensitive weighting.

It offers a richer picture than a single snapshot because it reflects how quoted buying interest evolved across the bar.

imbalance

Imbalance

Imbalance measures the raw difference between bid-side and ask-side top-of-book size.

It is one of the fastest ways to see which side is presenting more immediate resting interest at the best quotes.

imbalance_ratio

Imbalance Ratio

Imbalance Ratio scales the raw difference into a relative measure that is easier to compare across symbols and market states.

Because it normalizes for total top-of-book size, it often gives a cleaner signal than the raw imbalance alone.

bid_ask_ratio

Bid/Ask Ratio

Bid/Ask Ratio directly compares the best-bid size with the best-ask size.

It is intuitive, portable, and useful when you want to know whether displayed buying depth materially outweighed displayed selling depth.

bid_percentage_avg

Avg Bid %

Average Bid % shows the mean share of top-level liquidity that sat on the bid across the interval.

This smooths through flicker and highlights the prevailing balance of displayed interest instead of a single instant.

ask_percentage_avg

Avg Ask %

Average Ask % is the complementary view, capturing how much of top-level liquidity tended to sit on the ask side.

Monitoring the bid and ask averages together helps reveal whether one side dominated persistently or whether the book spent the interval near equilibrium.

spread_bps

Spread (bps)

Spread in basis points measures the instantaneous cost of crossing from the best bid to the best ask on a normalized scale.

It is one of the most direct and actionable summaries of top-of-book trading conditions.

spread_depth_ratio

Spread/Depth Ratio

Spread/Depth Ratio combines price width and displayed size into a single liquidity efficiency measure.

A market with tight spreads but little size can still be fragile, and this ratio helps expose that weakness.

total_dollar_depth

Total Dollar Depth

Total Dollar Depth aggregates the top-level bid and ask liquidity in value terms.

This gives a more practical view of executable size than raw units, especially across instruments with different prices.

dollar_depth_bid_avg

Avg Bid Dollar Depth

Average Bid Dollar Depth tracks the mean value resting on the bid at the top of book throughout the interval.

It helps answer whether supportive displayed buying liquidity was consistently present or only flashed briefly.

dollar_depth_ask_avg

Avg Ask Dollar Depth

Average Ask Dollar Depth provides the matching view for displayed sell-side liquidity at the best offer.

Comparing it with the bid average helps reveal whether one side of the book was structurally thinner or thicker during the bar.

Market Microstructure Context

Spread and top-of-book liquidity

Quoted spread — The gap between best ask and best bid. The sticker price of trading — what you see, not necessarily what you get once real size hits the book.
Spread in basis points — Price-normalized spread for cross-asset comparison. A 1-cent spread means something very different on a $10 asset versus a $50,000 one.
Top-of-book depth — How much size sits at the best prices. A 1 bps spread on 50k of depth is a different market than 1 bps on 500k. This tells you the cost of the first fill — not whether the market survives the second.
Spread/depth ratio — The honesty check on tight spreads. Low ratio means genuinely cheap liquidity. High ratio means the narrow quote is decorative — it will not survive contact with real flow.

Intro to Aperiodic L1 Price Metrics

Interactive notebook

Use Cases

Spread-based execution cost modelling

Use average and instantaneous spread metrics to quantify market-making costs and estimate fill quality across instruments.

Informed trader detection via imbalance

Detect directional pressure from bid/ask imbalance and imbalance ratio dynamics before price moves occur.

Quote update frequency analysis

Identify quote stuffing patterns and measure market-maker activity intensity using update frequency metrics.

VWAP/TWAP quote benchmarking

Compare execution fills against bid/ask VWAP and TWAP to measure adverse selection in your order flow.

High-frequency strategy feature engineering

Use weighted mid-price, imbalance averages, and depth to build predictive features for HFT and MM strategies.

Get started in minutes

curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aperiodic-io/cli/main/install.sh | bash

github ↗

terminal

# Install the Aperiodic CLI into ~/.local/bin
mkdir -p "$HOME/.local/bin"
curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aperiodic-io/cli/main/install.sh | INSTALL_DIR="$HOME/.local/bin" bash
export PATH="$HOME/.local/bin:$PATH"

# Fetch the preview slice as Parquet into ./data — no API key needed
aperiodic flow --preview \
  --exchange binance-futures \
  --symbol perpetual-BTC-USDT:USDT \
  --interval 5m \
  --timestamp exchange \
  --start-date 2025-05-01 \
  --end-date 2025-05-31 \
  --output-dir ./data && echo "Saved to $PWD/data"

Preview · binance-futures · perpetual-BTC-USDT:USDT · 1h · 2024-01-01 → 2024-01-31

df.head() · 5 × 37

#	time	taker_buy_volume	taker_sell_volume	taker_buy_count	taker_sell_count	volume_delta	volume_delta_notional	flow_entropy	flow_toxicity_score	taker_buy_sell_ratio	taker_buy_sell_count_ratio	taker_buy_sell_percentage	taker_buy_sell_count_percentage	taker_buy_small_order_volume	taker_buy_small_order_count	taker_buy_medium_order_volume	taker_buy_medium_order_count	taker_buy_large_order_volume	taker_buy_large_order_count	taker_sell_small_order_volume	taker_sell_small_order_count	taker_sell_medium_order_volume	taker_sell_medium_order_count	taker_sell_large_order_volume	taker_sell_large_order_count	taker_buy_small_order_percentage	taker_buy_medium_order_percentage	taker_buy_large_order_percentage	taker_sell_small_order_percentage	taker_sell_medium_order_percentage	taker_sell_large_order_percentage	taker_buy_small_order_count_percentage	taker_buy_medium_order_count_percentage	taker_buy_large_order_count_percentage	taker_sell_small_order_count_percentage	taker_sell_medium_order_count_percentage	taker_sell_large_order_count_percentage
1	2024-01-01 00:00:00	4687.97607421875	3771.5009765625	46500	41778	916.4749755859375	38871268	0.6872671842575073		1.2430001497268677	1.1130260229110718	0.5541685819625854	0.526745080947876	138008.609375	2684	9790435	26418	189105360	17398	117024.328125	1897	8532792	24171	151512720	15710	29.438846588134766	2088.4140625	40338.37890625	31.028581619262695	2262.439208984375	40173.0546875	0.057720430195331573	0.5681290030479431	0.3741505444049835	0.04540667310357094	0.578558087348938	0.37603524327278137
2	2024-01-01 01:00:00	4783.837890625	4259.5732421875	49386	40965	524.2650146484375	22391096	0.6914658546447754	-0.5	1.1230791807174683	1.2055656909942627	0.5289859771728516	0.5466015934944153	140995.4375	2838	10853161	28316	193186432	18232	77478.265625	1240	9094397	23605	172617616	16120	29.473289489746094	2268.714111328125	40383.1484375	18.189208984375	2135.048828125	40524.625	0.057465679943561554	0.5733608603477478	0.36917343735694885	0.030269742012023926	0.576223611831665	0.39350664615631104
3	2024-01-01 02:00:00	2141.259033203125	2511.80810546875	24485	28065	-370.54901123046875	-15779090	0.6899729371070862	0.9461790323257446	0.8524771332740784	0.8724389672279358	0.460182249546051	0.46593719720840454	81757.6171875	1594	5058392.5	13066	86080624	9825	42772.078125	685	6032806.5	16578	100924288	10802	38.182029724121094	2362.344970703125	40200.9375	17.02840232849121	2401.7783203125	40179.9375	0.06510107964277267	0.5336328148841858	0.40126606822013855	0.024407625198364258	0.5907001495361328	0.38489222526550293
4	2024-01-01 03:00:00	3501.132080078125	4618.748046875	36157	48188	-1117.615966796875	-47477344	0.683644711971283	-0.17025771737098694	0.7580261826515198	0.7503320574760437	0.43118026852607727	0.42867982387542725	109771.1796875	2160	7630267.5	20143	140732512	13854	78518.9765625	1253	10414373	29296	185457008	17639	31.353052139282227	2179.37158203125	40196.2890625	17.00005531311035	2254.80419921875	40153.08984375	0.05973947048187256	0.5570982098579407	0.38316231966018677	0.026002325117588043	0.6079521775245667	0.3660454750061035
5	2024-01-01 04:00:00	3155.431884765625	3201.10400390625	36640	31386	-45.672000885009766	-1877300.75	0.6931213736534119	0.026555629447102547	0.98573237657547	1.167399525642395	0.4964074492454529	0.5386176109313965	150556.921875	3042	7435109	20135	126048920	13463	59707.23828125	946	6590907	18784	128861272	11656	47.71356964111328	2356.288818359375	39946.64453125	18.652076721191406	2058.947998046875	40255.2578125	0.08302401751279831	0.5495360493659973	0.36743995547294617	0.030140826478600502	0.5984833836555481	0.37137576937675476

Ready to start building?

Get access to our full catalog of market microstructure data.

Get started free

Shown: minute lows of the 465 Binance perpetuals, 20:40–22:00 UTC on 10 Oct 2025, with BTC’s path traced · built with ohlcv 1m